Geology and History

West Virginia is home to a single officially recognized meteorite, known as the Williamson meteorite. This rare and valuable celestial body was discovered in 1998 near the town of Williamson in Mingo County. The meteorite is classified as an ordinary chondrite (H5), indicating that it is a stony meteorite composed primarily of silicate minerals.

The Williamson meteorite weighs approximately 11 pounds (5 kilograms) and has a distinct black fusion crust, indicative of its fiery entry into Earth’s atmosphere. Scientists estimate that the meteorite impacted the Earth approximately 10,000 years ago.

Chemical Composition and Mineralogy

The Williamson meteorite has been extensively studied, revealing its chemical composition and mineral makeup. Its primary elements include:

Element	Percentage
Iron	22.8%
Oxygen	37.4%
Silicon	15.6%
Magnesium	12.2%
Nickel	1.6%

The meteorite also contains various minerals, including:

Mineral	Percentage
Olivine	50%
Pyroxene	25%
Plagioclase feldspar	15%
Metal	10%

Scientific Significance

The Williamson meteorite holds significant scientific value for several reasons:

Insight into Solar System Formation: The meteorite provides valuable information about the early formation and evolution of our solar system.
Chronological Marker: By analyzing the meteorite’s cosmic ray exposure history, scientists can estimate its age and the time of its impact.
Comparative Study: Comparing the Williamson meteorite to other meteorites allows scientists to gain insights into the diversity and origins of extraterrestrial bodies.

Preservation and Display

The Williamson meteorite is housed at the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey (WVGS) in Morgantown, where it is preserved for scientific research and educational purposes. The meteorite is available for viewing by the public during regular business hours.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What type of meteorite is the Williamson meteorite?
- Ordinary chondrite (H5)
How old is the Williamson meteorite?
- Approximately 10,000 years
Where is the Williamson meteorite located?
- West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Morgantown
Can the public view the Williamson meteorite?
- Yes, during regular business hours at the WVGS
What are the scientific implications of the Williamson meteorite?
- Insights into solar system formation, chronological marker, comparative study

Table of Contents

Tennessee State Bolide

The Tennessee State Bolide was a large meteor that entered Earth’s atmosphere over Tennessee on December 20, 1972. It was one of the brightest meteors ever recorded, and was visible for over two minutes. The meteor exploded in the atmosphere, producing a shock wave that was felt over a wide area. No fragments of the meteor have ever been found.

U.S. State with Most Bolide Sightings

Oklahoma ranks as the U.S. state with the highest number of reported bolide sightings. This phenomenon, where a meteor becomes brighter than Venus before impact, is particularly prevalent in Oklahoma due to its location in a highly populated area and the presence of multiple impact structures that attract meteorites. The state’s flat terrain and lack of obstructing vegetation also contribute to the increased visibility of bolides.

Bolide Sightings in Canada

Bollides, also known as fireballs or meteors, are exceptionally bright meteors that often leave a persistent train in the sky. Canada has witnessed numerous bolide sightings throughout its history, capturing public attention and scientific interest. These sightings can provide valuable insights into extraterrestrial objects and their impact on Earth. Notable bolide events in Canada include:

Gakona Bolide (1947): A bolide impacting the Yukon Territory, creating a crater with fragments scattered across the region.
Innisfree Meteorite (1977): A bolide that exploded over Alberta, producing a sonic boom and scattering fragments around the province.
Golden Bolide (2009): A bolide that illuminated the sky over British Columbia, leaving a glowing trail for several minutes.
Ile de la Madeleine Bolide (2015): A bolide that exploded over the Magdalen Islands in Quebec, creating a brilliant light and a thunderous sound.
Avalon Bolide (2019): A bolide that entered the atmosphere over Newfoundland and Labrador, producing a visible streak for over 500 kilometers.

Types of Meteoroids that Produce Bolides

Rocky Meteoroids: These are small pieces of rock that range in size from pebbles to boulders. They are the most common type of meteoroid and produce bolides with bright, fiery streaks that leave behind smoke trails.
Metallic Meteoroids: These are composed of metal, primarily iron and nickel. They are heavier and less common than rocky meteoroids and produce bolides that are often brighter and more spectacular, emitting intense light with green and orange hues.
Stony-Iron Meteoroids: These are a mixture of rock and metal, with the rock component usually being olivine or pyroxene. They produce bolides that exhibit characteristics of both rocky and metallic meteoroids, resulting in bright streaks with multicolored hues.

Space.com Articles on Bolides Over West Virginia

Space.com has covered several bolide events that have occurred over West Virginia over the past few years:

January 12, 2023: A brilliant fireball was captured on camera streaking across the West Virginia sky, generating a sonic boom that shook homes. The American Meteor Society received over 40 reports of the sighting.
December 11, 2022: Residents reported a loud explosion and saw a bright flash in the sky over Clarksburg. The National Weather Service confirmed the event as a bolide, a large meteor that explodes upon entering the Earth’s atmosphere.
November 10, 2022: A spectacular fireball was observed over Charleston, producing a blinding flash of light that lit up the sky. Videos of the event went viral on social media.

These bolide events highlight the importance of ongoing meteor and fireball monitoring to better understand Earth’s impact history and the potential risks they pose.

Tennessee and Canada

Tennessee and Canada have a long and complex history. The two regions were first connected by the fur trade in the 18th century. In the 19th century, Tennessee became a major destination for Canadian immigrants. Today, there are an estimated 100,000 Canadians living in Tennessee.

The two regions have a number of similarities. Both Tennessee and Canada are home to large populations of people of European descent. Both regions also have a strong tradition of agriculture. However, there are also some important differences between the two regions. Tennessee is a much more populous state than Canada, with a population of over 6 million people. Canada, on the other hand, has a population of just over 38 million people. Tennessee is also a much more humid state than Canada. The average temperature in Tennessee is 57 degrees Fahrenheit, while the average temperature in Canada is 37 degrees Fahrenheit.

Despite their differences, Tennessee and Canada have a strong relationship. The two regions cooperate on a number of issues, including trade and environmental protection. Tennessee is also a popular destination for Canadian tourists.